Finite area method for nonlinear supersonic conical flows

A fully conservative numerical method for the computation of steady inviscid supersonic flow about general conical bodies at incidence is described. The procedure utilizes the potential approximation and implements a body conforming mesh generator. The conical potential is assumed to have its best linear variation inside each mesh cell; a secondary interlocking cell system is used to establish the flux balance required to conserve mass. In the supersonic regions the scheme is symmetrized by adding artificial viscosity in conservation form. The algorithm is nearly an order of a magnitude faster than present Euler methods and predicts known results accurately and qualitative features such as nodal point lift off correctly. Results are compared with those of other investigators

The Complexity of the List Partition Problem for Graphs

The k-partition problem is as follows: Given a graph G and a positive integer k, partition the vertices of G into at most k parts A1, A2, . . . , Ak, where it may be specified that Ai induces a stable set, a clique, or an arbitrary subgraph, and pairs Ai, Aj (i≠j) be completely nonadjacent, completely adjacent, or arbitrarily adjacent. The list k-partition problem generalizes the k-partition problem by specifying for each vertex x, a list L(x) of parts in which it is allowed to be placed. Many well-known graph problems can be formulated as list k-partition problems: e.g., 3-colorability, clique cutset, stable cutset, homogeneous set, skew partition, and 2-clique cutset. We classify, with the exception of two polynomially equivalent problems, each list 4-partition problem as either solvable in polynomial time or NP-complete. In doing so, we provide polynomial-time algorithms for many problems whose polynomial-time solvability was open, including the list 2-clique cutset problem. This also allows us to classify each list generalized 2-clique cutset problem and list generalized skew partition problem as solvable in polynomial time or NP-complete

Perfect Graphs

This chapter is a survey on perfect graphs with an algorithmic flavor. Our emphasis is on important classes of perfect graphs for which there are fast and efficient recognition and optimization algorithms. The classes of graphs we discuss in this chapter are chordal, comparability, interval, perfectly orderable, weakly chordal, perfectly contractile, and chi-bound graphs. For each of these classes, when appropriate, we discuss the complexity of the recognition algorithm and algorithms for finding a minimum coloring, and a largest clique in the graph and its complement

Seismic Analysis Of A Low-Damage Precast Wall With End Columns (PREWEC) Including Interaction With Floor Diaphragms

The 201012011 Canterbury earthquakes have demonstrated that low-damage structural systems should be adopted to improve the seismic performance of concrete buildings and to reduce the economic and social impact of building damage in future earthquakes. One such /ow-damage structural system is selfcentering precast concrete walls that utilise jointed construction and unbonded post-tensioning. A new low-damage concrete wall system that uses this self-centering design is PreWEC, which consists of a precast wall with end columns. The PreWEC system was designed to overcome the deficiencies of previous /ow-damage wall systems by increasing the moment capacity in a cost effective manner, so that the PreWEC system is comparable to traditional reinforced concrete construction in addition to providing superior seismic resilience. It is important that when a building is constructed using a low-damage wall system, its seismic performance, including the self-centering capability, is not compromised by damage caused to other structural elements when the building is subjected to an earthquake input motion. Similarly, it is important to avoid damage occurring during excitation that arises from interaction between the wall system and other structural elements. Experimental and analytical validation of the PreWEC system is summarised in addition to details of analytical studies that were performed to examine the interaction between the PreWEC wall, the floor diaphragms and gravity columns, as well as the seismic response of a prototype building that included PreWEC walls. Recommendations are presented to improve the seismic design practice for /owdamage concrete buildings with specific consideration to the wall-to-floor interaction

Conditional value-at-risk for water management in Lake Burley Griffin

Copyright © Australian Mathematical SocietyAs the centrepiece of Canberra, Lake Burley Griffin provides the setting for buildings of national importance and a venue for aquatic recreation while, as part of the Molonglo River, the lake has a role in the ecological processes of its broader setting. For the purposes of recreation and landscape a constant water level is preferred: the management plan requires the lake to be maintained at a prescribed normal level. In years of low rainfall this requirement could conflict with the water demands of other users. Episodes of high rainfall may also require compromise between competing objectives. For example, drawdown of lake levels for flood mitigation could impact on the lake's recreational and amenity values and the spill may not be a good use of water. Conditional Value at Risk, a risk measure developed by the financial industry for portfolio management, is defined as the expected loss given that some loss threshold is exceeded. Here, Conditional Value at Risk is applied as decision support for strategic planning and day-to-day operational problems in the hydraulic management of Lake Burley Griffin.R. B. Webby, J. Boland, P. G. Howlett, A. V. Metcalfe, T. Srithara

A Cost-Effective Integral Bridge System with Precast Concrete I-Girders for Seismic Application

To promote accelerated bridge construction in seismic regions, a large-scale experimental investigation was conducted to examine the seismic sufficiency of precast concrete I-girders in integral bridge super-structures. Such structures are not frequently used in high seismic regions due to lack of design guides and overly conservative design approaches. A half-scale,17.8 m (58.5 ft) long test unit modeling a portion of a prototype bridge incorporating a concrete column, ten I-shaped precast concrete girders, and an inverted-tee concrete cap beam was used to experimentally verify that precast concrete members employing accelerated construction techniques can be used in integral super-structures and provide excellent seismic performance. Comparison of an as-built girder-to-cap connection detail with an improved detail shows that the as-built detail in existing bridges will satisfactorily resist positive and negative seismic moments and allow plastic hinges to develop at the column tops, though this was not the original design intent. However, the improved detail, which exhibited excellent seismic moment resistance, is recommended for new bridges to avoid potential deterioration of the girder-to-cap connection

Recognition of some perfectly orderable graph classes

AbstractThis paper presents new algorithms for recognizing several classes of perfectly orderable graphs. Bipolarizable and P4-simplicial graphs are recognized in O(n3.376) time, improving the previous bounds of O(n4) and O(n5), respectively. Brittle and semi-simplicial graphs are recognized in O(n3) time using a randomized algorithm, and O(n3log2n) time if a deterministic algorithm is required. The best previous time bound for recognizing these classes of graphs is O(m2). Welsh–Powell opposition graphs are recognized in O(n3) time, improving the previous bound of O(n4). HHP-free graphs and maxibrittle graphs are recognized in O(mn) and O(n3.376) time, respectively